Social Accounting Matrix: Macro Analysis of Tourism Leakage in Bali

Tourism has brought development for Bali¿s economy for many years, however, the economic impacts of tourism development have not been fully beneficial for the Balinese community. One of the causes is tourism leakage. Previous book calculated leakage from micro (industrial level). In this book, tourism leakage from Bali¿s accommodation is calculated at the macro (provincial) level by using SAM Hotels of Bali 2010. The results showed that the highest percentage of tourism leakage was found on 4&5 Star-rated chain hotels (55.32%), followed by 1,2&3 Star-rated hotels (15.66%), and 4&5 Star non-chain hotels (7.15%). The lowest leakage was on Non-star rated hotels (2.0%). These results indicate that 4&5 Star-rated chain hotels bring about more tourism leakage as they use many imported goods and services, foreign labour as well as capital ownership. Therefore, less revenue from tourism will be received by the host or local community, as more profits from tourism will go to outside of the region or country. The results showed that sources of tourism leakage on accommodation sector are capital ownership of accommodation, payment for imported goods and services as well as foreign labours.