Rheumatic Mineralization of Aortic Valve & Anterior Mitral Leaflet

A 52-year old male developed sudden onset of light-headedness and palpitations due to atrial fibrillation. Transthoracic 2D echocardiography revealed calcification of anterior mitral leaflet and aortic valve which resembles a bone-like structure and the patient was advised double valve replacement. It was known that the cellular mechanisms play an important role in its genesis and therapeutic strategies are targeted to reverse this process by understanding its biological mediators.