Pumps

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 107. Chapters: Vacuum pump, Cavitation, Archimedes' screw, Turbopump, Hydraulic ram, Peristaltic pump, Hand pump, Fuel dispenser, Centrifugal pump, Injector, Hydristor, Quasiturbine, End face mechanical seal, Progressive cavity pump, Noria, Axial piston pump, Specific speed, Fuel pump, Metering pump, Chain pump, Pumpjack, Sump pump, Hydraulic pump, Comparison of pumps, Circulator pump, Liquid ring pump, Submersible pump, Roundabout PlayPump, Artificio de Juanelo, Condensate pump, Impeller, Kari-Finn, Watson-Marlow Pumps, Beer engine, Solar-powered pump, Water engine, Airlift pump, Bilge pump, Rotary vane pump, Scoop wheel, Energy Manufacturing Co. Inc, Trompe, Injection pump, Position-sensing hydraulic cylinder, Plunger pump, Vertical hollowshaft motor, Gear pump, Rope pump, Diaphragm pump, Fire pump, Chopper pumps, Rand cam engine, Pulser pump, Aspirator, Electroosmotic pump, Gallons per watt-hour, Shadoof, Radial piston pump, Pulsometer steam pump, Boiler feedwater pump, Sakia, Lobe pump, Diver's pump, Thermodynamic pump testing, Float switch, Affinity laws, Treadle pump, Slurry pump, Follower plate pump, HCNG dispenser, Ion transporter, Thompson Pump and Manufacturing, Wood Screw Pump, Variable displacement pump, Hemopump, Handy billy, Spiral pump, Coil pump, Honeywagon, Downton pump, Pistonless pump, Axial flow pump, Waterladder pump, Vico pump, Volute, Cylindrical Energy Module, Magnetic Drive Pumps, Spiral tube water wheel, Reciprocating pump, Eccentric reducer, Rotary compression, Jet aerators, Intelligent pump, Kearny Air Pump, Cyclic pump, Knudsen pump, Rotodynamic pump, Hydraulic compressor, Mark II hand pump, Water well pump, Airsmith, Direct Displacement Control, Inductive Pump, Electromagnetic pump, Spacer coupling, Drum pump, Rushton turbine, Impedance pump, Suction line. Excerpt: Cavitation is the formation of empty cavities in a liquid by high forces and the immediate implosion of them. (A liquid is a continuum and repairs itself if it is torn apart.) Cavitation occurs when a liquid is subjected to rapid changes of pressure causing the formation of cavities in the lower pressure regions of the liquid. Cavitation is a significant cause of wear in some engineering contexts - when entering high pressure areas these bubbles collapse on a metal surface continuously, causing cyclic stressing of the metal surface. This results in surface fatigue of the metal causing a type of wear called cavitation. The most common examples of this kind of wear are pump impellers and bends when a sudden change in the direction of liquid occurs. Cavitation is usually divided into two classes of behaviour: inertial (or transient) cavitation, and non-inertial cavitation. Inertial cavitation is the process where a void or bubble in a liquid rapidly collapses, producing a shock wave. Inertial cavitation occurs in nature in the strikes of mantis shrimps and pistol shrimps, as well as in the vascular tissues of plants. In man-made objects, it can occur in control valves, pumps, propellers and impellers. Non inertial cavitation is the process in which a bubble in a fluid is forced to oscillate in size or shape due to some form of energy input, such as an acoustic field. Such cavitation is often employed in ultrasonic cleaning baths and can also be observed in pumps, propellers, etc. Since the shock waves formed by cavitation are strong enough to significantly damage moving parts, cavitation is usually an undesirable phenomenon...