Pastes and Gap-filling of dented historical parchment manuscripts

Parchment manuscripts are found a lot in museums, libraries and stores, as they have different several deterioration phenomena, that included weakness, biological degradation, also ink corrosion which leads in the end to holes and erosion, in addition to the losses-holes resulted in insects and rodents. Therefore it was an urgent need to repair these phenomena with a suitable method well suited to the nature of monument and doesn't affect its appearance or aesthetic.Specialist scientists in the field of the parchment manuscripts conservation found out that the traditional techniques in completion processes of this gap-holes and cuttings were useless.Consequently,the gap-filling technique using pastes consists of several materials is much better than the other traditional completion methods as it's giving a protection and better aesthetic appearance to the historical manuscripts. These pastes consisting of a lot of materials, including natural materials such as parchment powder, adhesives, fillers, and the organic solvents.Hence there is an urgent need to assess such study to evaluate,improve and creation a new pastes serve the field of conservation of historical manuscripts