Pain In Invertebrates

High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Pain in invertebrates is a contentious issue. Although there are numerous definitions of pain, almost all involve two key components. First, nociception is required. This is the ability to detect noxious stimuli which evokes a reflex response that moves the entire animal, or the affected part of its body, away from the source of the stimulus. The concept of nociception does not imply any adverse, subjective \'feeling\' - it is a reflex action. The second component is the experience of \'pain\' itself, or suffering, i.e. the internal, emotional interpretation of the nociceptive experience. Pain is therefore a private, emotional experience. We cannot currently measure pain directly in other animals, including other humans; we can measure responses to putatively painful stimuli, but not the experience itself. To address this problem when assessing the capacity of other species to experience pain, we resort to argument-by-analogy. This is based on the principle that if an animal responds to a stimulus in a similar way to ourselves, it is likely to have had an analogous experience. Dr Chris Sherwin at the University of Bristol used this line of reasoning to question whether invertebrates have the capacity for suffering. He argued that if we stick a pin in a chimpanzee\'s finger and she rapidly withdraws her hand, we use argument-by-analogy and infer that like us, she felt pain. Why then, Sherwin questions, do we not infer that a cockroach experiences the same when it writhes after being stuck with a pin? This argument-by-analogy approach has been revisited by Prof. Rob Elwood at the Queen\'s University Belfast. Dannoe izdanie predstavlyaet soboj kompilyatsiyu svedenij, nahodyaschihsya v svobodnom dostupe v srede Internet v tselom, i v informatsionnom setevom resurse "Vikipediya" v chastnosti. Sobrannaya po chastotnym zaprosam ukazannoj tematiki, dannaya kompilyatsiya postroena po printsipu podbora blizkih informatsionnyh ssylok, ne imeet samostoyatelnogo syuzheta, ne soderzhit nikakih analiticheskih materialov, vyvodov, otsenok moralnogo, eticheskogo, politicheskogo, religioznogo i mirovozzrencheskogo haraktera v otnoshenii glavnoj tematiki, predstavlyaya soboj isklyuchitelno faktologicheskij material. This book was created using print-on-demand technology.