Molecular biologists

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 121. Chapters: Oswald Avery, James D. Watson, Francis Crick, Max Perutz, Rosalind Franklin, Sidney Altman, Bonnie Bassler, Susan Lindquist, Max Delbrück, List of geneticists, Maurice Wilkins, Bruce C. Kone, François Jacob, Luca Turin, Shirley M. Tilghman, Maclyn McCarty, Dorian Bevec, Gordon H. Sato, John Gofman, Douglas Prasher, Paul M. Bingham, Raymond C. Stevens, Gerald Domingue, Dai Duy Ban, Angelika Amon, Ernesto Bustamante, Jean-Pierre Lecocq, John Kendrew, Joan A. Steitz, Jay Winsten, Tillman Gerngross, Seymour Benzer, Richard I. Morimoto, Steven A. Benner, William Astbury, Carol W. Greider, Thomas Cremer, Richard A. Houghten, Thomas J. Silhavy, Leslie Barnett, Doug Hilton, Utpal Banerjee, Thomas Silhavy, Anthony Pawson, Haim Aviv, Charles DeLisi, Emile Zuckerkandl, Jack W. Szostak, Axel Ullrich, Richard Lathe, Stanley Michael Gartler, Edwin Southern, Alfred Mirsky, Lynn W. Enquist, Harvey Bialy, Susumu Tonegawa, Stephen G. Hall, Ehud Gazit, Michael Wigler, Giulio Superti-Furga, Richard D. Wood, Kaj Ulrik Linderstrøm-Lang, Charles Brenner, Leo Sachs, Richard A. Jorgensen, Richard Anthony Jefferson, Bruce Ames, Pill-Soon Song, George Streisinger, Tom Maniatis, Martin Henry Dawson, Graham Cairns-Smith, Jerry Adams, Sol Spiegelman, Cai Mingjie, Noreen Murray, H. Michael Shepard, Mortimer Louis Anson, Anita Roberts, Israel Hanukoglu, Peter Walter, Scott Woodward, Robin Weiss, Leonard Lerman, David A. McClellan, Frank Grosveld, Wojciech Rychlik, Richard Henderson, Thomas Tuschl, Matt Kaeberlein, Franklin Stahl, Mark Ptashne, Hans Neurath, Wajih Owais, Cyrus Levinthal, John T. Lis, John Tileston Edsall, Daniela Rhodes, Paul Chun, Len A. Pennacchio, Nader Pourmand, Henry John Woods, Patrick J. Keeling, John Kuriyan, William McGinnis, Harvey Lodish, Eva Nogales, Saba Valadkhan, Paul Schedl, Alexander Spirin, John Derek Smith, Stanley Fields, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Jack Myers, Charles Frederick Ehret, Roy John Britten, James C. Wang, Napoleone Ferrara, J. Norman Davidson, Vamsi Mootha, Pamela Silver, Norman Simmons, Elwood V. Jensen, Nathaniel David, Hans J. Müller-Eberhard, Aaron Novick. Excerpt: Connection Timeout Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 1920 - 16 April 1958) was a British biophysicist and X-ray crystallographer who made critical contributions to the understanding of the fine molecular structures of DNA, RNA, viruses, coal and graphite. The DNA work achieved the most fame because DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) plays essential roles in cell metabolism and genetics, and the discovery of its structure helped scientists understand how genetic information is passed from parents to children. Franklin is best known for her work on the X-ray diffraction images of DNA which led to discovery of DNA double helix. Her data, according to Francis Crick, were "the data we actually used" to formulate Crick and Watson's 1953 hypothesis regarding the structure of DNA. Furthermore, unpublished drafts of her papers (written just as she was arranging to leave King's College London) show that she had indeed determined the overall B-form of the DNA helix. However, her work was published third, in the series of three DNA Nature articles, led by the paper of Watson and Crick which only vaguely acknowledged her evidence in support of their hypothesis. Wilkins, Crick and Watson were awarded a Nobel Prize jointly in 1962, some years after Franklin's death, but work by Franklin did not bring her adequate recognition during her lifetime. A...