French-based pidgins and creoles

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 25. Chapters: Agalega Creole, Antillean Creole French, Bourbonnais Creole, Chagossian Creole, Chinook Jargon, French-based creole languages, French Guianese Creole, Haitian Creole, Haitian Creole Lexicon, Haitian Vodoun Culture Language, Labrador Inuit Pidgin French, Lanc-Patuá creole, Louisiana Creole French, Mauritian Creole, Réunion Creole, Rodriguan Creole, Saint Lucian Creole French, Seychellois Creole, Tayo language, Tây B¿i. Excerpt: Haitian Creole (Kreyòl ayisyen; pronounced: French: Créole haïtien), often called simply Creole or Kreyòl, is a language spoken by about twelve million people, which includes virtually the entire population of Haiti and via emigration, by about two to three million speakers residing in the Bahamas, Belize, Canada, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, France, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Ivory Coast, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, the United States, and Venezuela. Haitian Creole is one of Haiti's two official languages, along with French. It is a creole based largely on 18th-century French and some West African languages, and has secondary influence from other languages. In school, all kids learn both Creole and French. Partly due to efforts of Félix Morisseau-Leroy, since 1961 Haitian Creole has been recognized as an official language along with French, which had been the sole literary language of the country since its independence in 1804. Its orthography was standardized in 1979. The official status was maintained under the country's 1987 constitution. The use of Haitian Creole in literature has been small but is increasing. Morisseau was one of the first and most influential authors to write in Haitian Creole. Since the 1980s, many educators, writers and activists have written literature in Haitian Creole. Today numerous newspapers, as well as radio and television programs, are produced in Haitian Creole. As required by the Joseph C. Bernard (Secrétaire d'État de l'éducation nationale) law of 18 September 1979, the Institut Pédagogique National established an official orthography for Kreyòl, and slight modifications were made over the next two decades. For example, the hyphen (-) is no longer used, nor is the apostrophe. The only accent accepted is the grave accent (à, è, or ò). There are many theories on the formation of the Haitian Creole language. One states that a form of creole had already started to develop on West African trading posts be