Fluoride Exposure, Dental Fluorosis and Caries in Indian Children

Inorganic fluorine containing compounds are called fluorides. Fluoride, like other halides, is a monovalent ion. Its compounds often have properties that are distinct relative to other halides. Fluoride is usually found naturally in low concentration in drinking water and foods. The concentration in seawater averages 1.3 parts per million (ppm). Fresh water supplies generally contain between 0.01 - 0.3 ppm, whereas the ocean contains between 1.2 and 1.5 ppm. In some locations, the fresh water contains dangerously high levels of fluoride, leading to serious health problems. Fluoride is used topically to prevent dental caries and also given systemically for its benefits. The study was aimed to evaluate the outcomes of a series of policy initiatives to reduce fluoride exposure among young children to assure an appropriate balance in risk of fluorosis and benefit in caries prevention. The strengths of the study were its sound sampling technique, improved data capture and detailed analytical approaches.