Climate

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 135. Chapters: Subarctic climate, Younger Dryas, Steppe, Tundra, Climate of the Alps, Monsoon, Temperateness, Humidity, Polar climate, Desert climate, La Niña, Black carbon, Climate of the Arctic, Köppen climate classification, Earth rainfall climatology, Hardiness zone, Season, Climate of Antarctica, Humid subtropical climate, History of climate change science, Changes in global mangrove distributions, Climate of Uranus, Mediterranean climate, Tree line, Oceanic climate, Climate of Asia, Climate of Europe, Human impact of climate change, Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, Westerlies, Subtropics, Dansgaard-Oeschger event, Sea ice growth processes, Climate categories in viticulture, Climate of the Nordic countries, Sea ice thickness, Humid continental climate, Sea ice concentration, Keeling Curve, Arctic oscillation, CC9, Dimethyl sulfide, Neolithic Subpluvial, Subtropical ridge, Climate of Africa, Bond event, Forest zone, Tropical monsoon climate, Climate Savers Computing Initiative, Chilling requirement, Tropical savanna climate, Tropical rainforest climate, Effects of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the United States, Semi-arid climate, Snow line, Piora Oscillation, Pole of Cold, Dry season, Climate Consortium Denmark, Tropical marine climate, Holdridge life zones, Tierra templada, Neoglaciation, Atmospheric temperature range, Effect of sun angle on climate, Potential evaporation, Alpine climate, Antarctic Cold Reversal, Tierra fría, Climate ensemble, Above ground level, Dahomey Gap, National Integrated Drought Information System, Wind rose, Marine layer, Impact winter, Older Peron, North Pacific Oscillation, Climate Appraisal, Mousterian Pluvial, Seasonal lag, Tierra helada, Tierra caliente, Stadial, Abbassia Pluvial, Climate Dynamics, Western Disturbance, Hemiboreal, Thermal equator, Regional climates levels in viticulture, Ice-albedo feedback, Knowledge for Climate, Tropical rain belt, Huelmo/Mascardi Cold Reversal, Moisture recycling, Antarctic oscillation, List of life zones by region, Climograph, Mid-latitudes, Spatial Synoptic Classification system, Dry punch. Excerpt: Not to be confused with Carbon black. For the cell phone, see Samsung SGH-D900 Black carbon is found worldwide, but its presence and impact are particularly strong in Asia. Black carbon is in the air and circulates the globe. Black carbon travels along wind currents from Asian cities and accumulates over the Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan foothills.In Climatology, black carbon or BC is a climate forcing agent formed through the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuel, and biomass, and is emitted in both anthropogenic and naturally occurring soot. It consists of pure carbon in several linked forms. Black carbon warms the Earth by absorbing heat in the atmosphere and by reducing albedo, the ability to reflect sunlight, when deposited on snow and ice. Black carbon stays in the atmosphere for only several days to weeks, whereas CO2 has an atmospheric lifetime of more than 100 years. The term black carbon is also used in soil sciences and geology, referring either to deposited atmospheric BC or to directly incorporated BC from vegetation fires. Especially for the tropics, BC in soils significantly contributes to fertility as it is able to adsorb important plant nutrients. Estimates of black carbon's globally averaged direct radiative forcing vary from the IPCC's estimate of + 0.34 watts per square meter (W/m) ± 0.25, to a more rece...