Business Improvement Districts

The important of Business improvement districts (BIDs) in regards to metropolitan service delivery and governance has increased considerably in the last few decades. Presenting empirical research and theoretical discussion on BIDs in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, this book includes an analysis of the pros and cons of BIDs and how they impact urban planning. It addresses issues such as performance evaluation, accountability, the effectiveness of BIDs, as well as legal issues including the democratic representation of residents and business owners. The book covers various theoretical perspectives from polycenticism to social constructionism. ??