Military snipers

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 72. Chapters: Sniper, Randy Shughart, Gary Gordon, Simo Häyhä, Frederick Russell Burnham, Billy Sing, Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard, Roza Shanina, Grey Owl, Carlos Hathcock, Francis Pegahmagabow, Tim Kennedy, Marcus Luttrell, Scout Sniper, Mohamad Elzahabi, White Tights, Lyudmila Pavlichenko, Vasily Zaytsev, Anthony Swofford, Chuck Mawhinney, Craig Harrison, Snipers of the Soviet Union, Bruno Sutkus, Timothy Murphy, Brock Chisholm, Matthew Axelson, Ivan Sidorenko, Jack Coughlin, Josef Allerberger, Rob Furlong, Juba, Matthäus Hetzenauer, John Roland Burke, Taysir Hayb, Arron Perry, Andre Migner dit Lagace, Tanya Baramzina, Marie Ljalková, Graham Ragsdale, Erwin König, Thomas Plunket, Sangin Sniper, Ziba Ganiyeva, Eric England, Friedrich Pein, John Shiwak, Adelbert Waldron, Jack Hinson, Joseph Gregory, Zhang Taofang, Henry Norwest, Harold Marshall, Sniper team, Nina Lobkovskaya, Fyodor Okhlopkov, Sulo Kolkka, Cuckoo, Helmut Wirnsberger, Yelizaveta Mironova, Johnson Paudash. Excerpt: A sniper is a marksman who shoots targets from concealed positions or distances exceeding the capabilities of regular personnel. Snipers typically have specialized training and distinct high-precision rifles. In addition to marksmanship, military snipers are trained in camouflage, field craft, infiltration, reconnaissance and observation. Snipers are especially effective when deployed within the terrain of urban warfare, or jungle warfare. The term sniper was first attested in 1824 in the sense of the word "sharpshooter". The verb "to snipe" originated in the 1770s among soldiers in British India where a hunter skilled enough to kill the elusive snipe was dubbed a "sniper". During the American Civil War, the common term used in the United States was "sharpshooter" or "skirmisher". Throughout history armies have used skirmishers to break up enemy formations and to thwart the enemy from flanking the main body of their attack force. They were deployed individually on the extremes of the moving army primarily to scout for the possibility of an enemy ambush. Consequently, a "skirmish" denotes a clash of small scope between these forces. In general, a skirmish was a limited combat, involving troops other than those of the main body. The term "sniper" was not in widespread use in the United States until after the American Civil War. An Army sniper from the Jalalabad Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) looks for enemy activity along the hilltops near Dur Baba, Afghanistan, November 2006.Different countries have different military doctrines regarding snipers in military units, settings, and tactics. Generally, a sniper's primary function in warfare is to provide detailed reconnaissance from a concealed position and, if necessary, to reduce the enemy's fighting ability by striking at high value targets (especially officers, communication and other personnel) and in the process pinning down and demoralizing the enemy. Soviet Russian and derived military doctrines include squa