Aromatic hydrocarbons

Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 55. Chapters: Alkylbenzenes, Annulenes, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Tropones, Toluene, Xylene, Musk xylene, Fingolimod, Benzo(a)pyrene, Cyclooctatetraene, Corannulene, Linear alkyl benzene, Tert-Butylhydroquinone, Coronene, Helicene, Phentolamine, Annulyne, Diindenoperylene, Cyclobutadiene, Zethrene, 2C-G, Macrophomic acid, Bromothymol blue, Triphenylmethane, Cyclodecapentaene, 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine, Kekulene, Rubrene, Ethylbenzene, Tricyclobutabenzene, Sumanene, Dicoronylene, 2C-P, SB-612,111, Ditolylguanidine, Cumene, Xylidine, Durene, Fluoranthene, Chrysene, Mesitylene, Thymolphthalein, Cymene, Triptycene, Triphenylene, Acenaphthene, Dodecylbenzene, Ciladopa, Tetracene, Chlorotoluene, M-Xylene, Methylcholanthrene, 3-Nitrobenzanthrone, 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene, Acenaphthylene, P-Xylene, Benzo(a)fluorene, 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, Tetraphenylmethane, Picene, Solvent Violet 13, O-Xylene, Xylenol, M-Toluic acid, NCS-382, Quinizarine Green SS, 2,6-Xylenol, Acenaphthoquinone, 4-Methylbenzoic acid, Benzopyrene, Diphenylmethane, Cyclooctadecanonaene, Tetraphenylethylene, Xylene cyanol, JWH-171, Bismarck brown Y, Cyclododecahexaene, Vat Yellow 4, Clonixin, O-Toluic acid, Ovalene, 5,12-Bis(phenylethynyl)naphthacene, Cyclotriveratrylene, Fuchsine acid, 2,6-Xylidine, Dinoseb, Benzo(e)pyrene, Anthanthrene, Phenalene, 2,4,6-Trimethylaniline, Benzyl Trimethylammonium Hydroxide, Benzo(ghi)perylene, Binapacryl, Cotriptyline, Para-Cresidine, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzocyclobutadiene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Chlortoluron, Benzo(j)fluoranthene, New fuchsine, Xipranolol, Tetraphenylene, Benzo(c)phenanthrene, Benzocyclobutene, Cyclotetradecaheptaene, F number, 2,4-Xylidine, 3,4-Xylidine, 2,5-Xylidine, Dibenz(a,j)anthracene, 3,4-Xylenol, Benzo(a)fluoranthene, Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, Arylene, Dibenzepine. Excerpt: Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. It is sometimes abbreviated Ph-H. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell. Because it is a known carcinogen, its use as an additive in gasoline is now limited, but it is an important industrial solvent and precursor to basic industrial chemicals including drugs, plastics, synthetic rubber, and dyes. Benzene is a natural constituent of crude oil, and is one of the most basic petrochemicals. Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon and the second -annulene (-annulene), a cyclic hydrocarbon with a continuous pi bond. It is also related to the functional group arene which is a generalized structure of benzene. The word "benzene" derives historically from "gum benzoin", sometimes called "benjamin" (i.e., benzoin resin), an aromatic resin known to European pharmacists and perfumers since the 15th century as a product of southeast Asia. "Benzoin" is itself a corruption of the Arabic expression "luban jawi," or "frankincense of Java." An acidic material was derived from benzoin by sublimation, and named "flowers of benzoin," or benzoic acid. The hydrocarbon derived from benzoic acid thus acquired the name benzin, benzol, or benzene. Michael Faraday first isolated and identified benzene in 1825 from the oily residue derived from the production of illuminating gas, giving it the name bicarburet of hydrogen. In 1833, Eilhard Mitscherlich produced it via the distillation of benzoic acid (from gum benzoin) and lime. Mitscherlich gave the compound the name benzin. In 1836, the French chemist Auguste Laurent ...